ABSTRACT
Background:Serum C-peptide has appeared as the chief clinical and practically adequate marker of ?-cell function of pancreas. Serum insulin and C-peptide are concomitantly secreted into the blood circulation in equal amount. The aim of the study was to determineserum C-peptide levels in newly diagnosed diabetic mellitus subjects of North Gujarat region of India.Methods:The present cross-sectional study was done on 50 subjects of recently diagnosed Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetic healthy controls at Banas Medical College and our trust-based hospital. All diabetics patients were further classified into two groups; normal FC group consist of subjects with FC level 0.5-3.2 ng/ml (N=14) and high FC group included subjects with FC>3.2 ng/ml (N=36). The patients' demographic and anthropometric parameters were recorded; detailed history and clinical examination were performed in the entire cases. All biochemical parameters were analyzed. Results:Predominance of the T2DM subjects was in the age group of 41-50 years. Mean value for age (p<0.01), anthropometric (p<0.01), fasting plasma glucose (p<0.001), HbA1c (p<0.01), cholesterol (p<0.01), triglycerides (p<0.001) and C-peptide (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the T2DM subjects. The mean values of fasting plasma glucose (p<0.001) and HbA1c (p<0.01) are significantly higher in T2DM subject with high C-peptide level as compared to normal C-peptide level. Conclusions:In our study, we conclude that elevated levels of fasting C-peptide in newly diagnosed T2DM.Therefore, we suggested that serum C-peptide levels are valuable as marker of endogenous insulin production from ?-cell of pancreas.
ABSTRACT
Background:The thyroid function is changed during early stage of pregnancy. Various thyroid disorders throughout pregnancy are related with grave maternal and fetal outcomes. The geographical variation in the prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy is very wide and generally assessed for thyroid disorders are recommended in the pregnancy. Therefore, present study aimedto estimate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women of North Gujarat, India.Methods:The present cross-sectional study was done on 200 pregnant women in the department of general medicine at Banas medical college and our trust-based hospital in North Gujarat, India, over a period of one year from July 2020 to June 2021. The patients' demographic profile was recorded; detailed history and meticulous examination were performed in the entire cases. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3(triiodothyronine)and T4 (thyroxine) were analyzed.Results:The overall prevalence of various thyroid disorders 13%. The most frequent thyroid disorder reported was subclinical hypothyroidism encompassing of 8%, followed by overt hypothyroidism 3% in women and the prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism was 2% which was least in our study.Conclusions:In our study, we conclude that subclinical hypothyroidism is more common than hyperthyroidism in pregnant women. Therefore, we suggested that thyroid function tests should be include along with other routine investigations during pregnancy to identify thyroid dysfunction and minimize the feto-maternal complications during pregnancy and after birth
ABSTRACT
Background: Garlic is naturally occurring sulphur containing dietary agent belong to Allium family. Members of this family i.e. Garlic, Onions are found to have beneficial effect on atherosclerosis and ischemic heart diseases in both experimental animals and in human beings. Objective: To compare the potency of garlic as antihyperlipidemic and antiplatelet and antithrombotic between its watery and alcoholic extract for their effects. Methods: 25 guinea pigs were fed cholesterol (0.5g/kg body weight) for an initial period of 4 weeks. Cholesterol was then discontinued and the animals were divided into 3 groups. Group-I (n=7) was fed with stock diet and was taken as control. Group-II (n=9) was given 1ml of watery extract and Group-III (n=9) was fed with 1ml of alcoholic extract of garlic with normal diet daily for 4 weeks. The garlic content of both the extract was 2 gm/ml by wt/vol. Fasting blood samples were collected at the end 4 weeks and finally at the end of the study i.e.8 weeks for estimation of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDC-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C,atherogenic index and platelet adhesiveness index. Bleeding time and clotting time were also detected in all the 3 groups.Results: In the present study, the watery and alcoholic extract of garlic shows significant hypolipidemic activity as they reduced significantly serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDC-C, VLDL-C and atheriogenic index in hyperlipidemic guinea pigs (p<0.01) compared to control. The significant rise in HDL-C was observed in group II but not in group III animals. On comparison between two extracts, watery extract of garlic was more potent hypolipidemic agent, compared to alcoholic extract. Both extract significantly reduces platelet adhesiveness and bleeding time. But between two extract the watery extract was found more potent anti-thrombotic agent as it showed significant decrease in platelet adhesiveness (P<0.01). BT was significantly increased in group II compared to group I and III. Conclusion: It can be concluded that watery extract of Allium Sativum is more potent hypolipidemic and antiplatelet, and anti-thrombotic agent.